Measuring 21st-century competencies: Development and validation of the information, media, and technology skills self-efficacy scale

Abstract

This study aims to develop and validate the Information, Media, and Technology Skills Self-Efficacy Scale (IMTS-SES) based on the P21 framework. The data were collected in a three-stage process in T & uuml;rkiye/Amasya, specifically from schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MoNE). The scale was first distributed to 481 students to perform exploratory factor analysis. Secondly, the emerged model was tested through confirmatory factor analysis with the data from a different group of 230 students. Finally, the data were collected from 41 students for the test-retest reliability and the analysis demonstrated the stability of the scale. The validated scale consists of three factors and 17 items: technology literacy skill self-efficacy, information literacy skill self-efficacy, and media literacy skill self-efficacy. The required psychometric analyses indicated that the developed scale is a valid and reliable instrument, capable of measuring information, media, and technology skills self-efficacy of the middle school students according to the P21 framework.