The effect of foot bath on symptom control in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of foot bath protocols on symptom control in cancer patients. Methods: Six clinical trials databases (Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Ebscho and PubMed) were searched between January and February 2024 without year limitation. The studies were analysed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Bias Assessment Tool. The data were synthesised by meta-analysis. Results: A total of 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The foot bath protocols included warm water, salt water and aromatherapy foot baths. It was determined that foot bath had a significant effect on the reduction of fatigue symptom in cancer patients (SMD: −0.98, 95 % CI= −1.84- −0.12, p = 0.03). Foot bath is useful as supportive care in cancer patients. However, studies with a high level of evidence are needed to demonstrate the effect of foot bath. Conclusions: Health professionals evaluate the results of studies with a high level of evidence and can use complementary treatments accordingly for symptom control. Meta-analysis studies contribute to confirming the benefits of foot baths and clarifying which content and which protocol may be beneficial to which patient group. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd