The effect of body mass index on osteoporosis and fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), osteoporosis and obesity are increasingly common diseases due to the increase in the elderly population and the change in eating habits. However, the relationship between diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis has not been fully clarified in studies in the literature. In our study, it was investigated whether the combination of diabetes and obesity caused osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Material and Method: Our study was carried out with a total of 95 patients between the ages of 40 and 80, including 24 males and 71 females, who were tested due to the preliminary diagnosis of osteoporosis and diagnosed with type 2 DM in the physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. The demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, X-ray imaging, and fracture risk assessment scale (FRAX) calculations of patients were performed. Groups were compared in terms of BMD and FRAX according to the BMI classification. Results: BMD and FRAX hip values were higher in the obese group according to the BMI classification compared to the pre- obese/normal group (p<0.05). In the obese group, the number of patients with a history of low-energy fractures and with identified fractures on X-ray scanning was higher compared to the pre-obese/normal group; however, there was no significant relationship between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: As a result of our study, it was observed that type 2 DM and obesity were associated with increased fracture risk despite high BMD values.