Premenstrual Syndrome Experiences and Coping Levels of University Students: A Mixed Method Study

Abstract

Objective: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is common among young female university students. Determining students' PMS experience and coping levels with them can contribute to the development of effective strategies. This research was carried out to determine the premenstrual symptoms, coping experiences of the students with them and coping levels of the students experiencing PMS.Methods: This research is in a mixed method design that includes quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The number of participants was 436 students. Quantitative data of the study were collected through an introductory information form, premenstrual coping measure (PCM), and qualitative data were collected through individual interviews using a semi-structured form.Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.65 & PLUSMN;1.68, mean age at menarche was 12.96 & PLUSMN;1.22. The rate of students experiencing PMS frequently was 41.1%, the rate of those who had regular menstruation was 73.9%, and the rate of those with dysmenorrhea was 90.3%. The most common symptoms were anxiety (73.4%), fatigue (72.3%), breast tenderness (71.1%), appetite changes (70.6%). The students' coping skills with PMS were at a good level. The highest PCM sub-dimension score was in the self-care (14.82 & PLUSMN;3.81) and awareness and acceptance of premenstrual change (34.49 & PLUSMN;7.86) dimensions. Strategies used by students to cope with PMS included practices such as conflict avoidance, being alone, rest, sleep, massage, exercise and drinking herbal tea.Conclusion: This study showed students' common PMS symptoms and coping strategies with thme. Health professionals should be aware of students' problems and provide comprehensive health services that support them coping with PMS.