Changes in the loadings on the shoulder girdle in the case of scapulothoracic fusion

Abstract

Background Scapulothoracic fusion (STF) may be an alternative and salvage procedure in the treatment of scapular winging. The biomechanical effects of this procedure on the shoulder girdle have not been previously considered. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between STF and the stress distribution pattern of the shoulder girdle. Methods Three-dimensional solid modeling of the shoulder girdle was carried out using virtual finite element modeling. STF was applied to the reference model obtained in a computer environment. Dynamic and nonlinear analysis was performed. Results Stress distributions in joints and ligaments were calculated. With respect to loading on the joints, maximum equivalent stresses increased on acromioclavicular (AC) and GH joints in the case of STF during abduction and flexion respectively. Conclusion Results revealed that STF is a non-physiological, static procedure leading to load increase on GH and AC joint cartilages, which may be a cause of potential joint osteoarthritis. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.