A Study to Determine the Incidence and Distribution Patterns of Foot and Ankle Tumors in Bone and Soft Tissue

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and distribution patterns of foot and ankle tumors in bone and soft tissue in a university tumor institute, to help the correct evaluation of uncertain masses, to take the right steps in advanced diagnosis and treatment, and to contribute to future research. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of a total of 164 foot and ankle cases examined by a multidisciplinary bone and soft-tissue tumors care team between January 2004 and December 2021 was performed from a database in which patient information was recorded in our tertiary university hospital. Thirty-three (20.1%) of 164 patients were discussed in the tumor council and evaluated as having the non-tumor disease. All of these patients were excluded from the study. A total of 131 patients diagnosed with tumors were included in this study. Results: The lesion was determined as a benign tumor in 84 ( 64.1%) cases of 131 tumor patients included in the study. Of these 84 patients, 40 (47.6%) were identified as benign bone lesions and 44 (52.4%) as benign soft-tissue lesions. Malignancy was determined in 47 (35.9%) of 131 patients, affecting the bone in 14 (29.8%) patients and the soft tissue in 33 (70.2%). The malignant soft-tissue lesion most determined was malignant mesenchymal tumor in 10 (30.3%) patients, of which one had lung metastasis and one was determined with multiple metastases. Metastasis was detected in eight patients in total, including three metastatic malignant bone tumors and five metastatic malignant soft-tissue tumors. Conclusions: Tumors involving the foot and ankle are not frequently encountered, and most tumors in this region are benign. The anatomic structure of the foot allows early diagnosis, but for diagnosis to be made, there must first be clinical suspicion. The first symptom is generally swelling. Early diagnosis can prevent several complications. Therefore, patients with foot and ankle complaints must be taken seriously and evaluated with advanced tests if necessary.